What is an Exchange Traded Fund (ETF)?
An exchange-traded fund (ETF) is an investment vehicle that trades on stock exchanges, similar to stocks. An ETF can hold assets such as stocks, commodities, or bonds just to mention the most popular. ETFs have been around since the early 1990s.
The most popular ETFs track an index, such as the S&P 500 – SPX. These Funds are investing vehicles that hold dozens, hundreds, or even thousands of companies under one ticker. Although most popular ETFs follow an index the trend is toward increasingly moving towards focused portfolios that target specific sectors and industries. For example: iShares Dow Jones U.S. Telecommunications Sector Index Fund – IVZ, top holdings include AT&T, Verizon, Sprint, Century Link and Sprint-Nextel just to mention a few…
A good example of a foreign ETF would be the iShares MSCI Sweden Index – EWD; top holdings include: H&M, Ericsson, Nordea Bank and Volvo.
Exchange-traded funds have gone mainstream as individual investors and financial advisers alike have embraced the flexibility of low-cost, tax-efficient portfolios.
ETF vs Mutual Funds:
Typically ETFs are cheaper and more tax-friendly than regular mutual funds. The average expense ratio for U.S.-listed ETFs is 0.4%, compared with 1.42% for diversified U.S. stock funds, according to the investment research firm Morningstar. By composition, ETF investors have less exposure to capital gains taxes than mutual fund shareholders. That’s because fund managers frequently buy and sell the fund’s holdings and then pass the high transaction costs to investors. ETFs occasionally shift shares, too, although much less than most mutual funds. Annual expenses for ETFs range between 0.1% and 0.65% and are deducted from dividends. Index mutual funds charge anywhere from 0.1% to more than 3%.
In addition, ETFs give shareholders the ability to trade throughout the day, while funds are priced only once daily, at the market close. Buyers have plenty of investment choices: About 270 ETFs are currently listed on domestic exchanges. This can cause a temptation to trade that you should resist. Studies have shown the typical individual investor has a poor record when it comes to timing the stock market. With ETFs, the temptation to trade may be even greater because they can be bought and sold at any time in the trading day.
How to Buy ETFs?
Minimum investment requirement: For investors with limited funds (say, less than $1,000) who want to get started in the stock market, ETFs offer a cheap entrée. Through your discount brokerage account, you can buy one single measly share if you choose. In comparison, many index mutual funds have high initial balance requirements. (Those with lower requirements often charge higher fees.)

